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The main type of software used in cars is operating system. It is responsible for managing hardware resources, scheduling tasks, and providing a platform for other applications to run on.

• Operating systems are divided into two categories: embedded and desktop. Embedded systems are designed specifically for automotive applications and are usually smaller and more energy-efficient than desktop operating systems.
• Desktop operating systems include Windows, macOS, and Linux. They provide a user-friendly interface and access to various applications, but they require significant hardware resources and can be power-hungry.

The functions of operating system in cars are:

1. Memory management: The OS allocates memory for processes and data storage. This is done by the kernel, which manages the memory allocation and deallocation process.
2. Process scheduling: The OS schedules tasks to run on different processors. It uses algorithms like Round Robin Scheduling or Multilevel Feedback Queue (MLFQ) to ensure fair access to resources.
3. Input/Output (I/O) management: The OS handles communication between devices and the outside world, such as reading and writing files, interacting with the display, and controlling other peripherals like the radio and navigation systems.

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