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Heat treatment is a process used to alter the properties of metals, enhancing their energy efficiency and performance. This technique involves subjecting metal parts or materials to specific temperatures, pressures, or other conditions that induce changes in their microstructure, phase transformations, or mechanical properties.

The main goal of heat treatment is to produce materials with desired mechanical, thermal, or electrical properties. By carefully controlling the heating and cooling rates, as well as the holding times and quenching temperatures, manufacturers can achieve a range of outcomes, from increased strength and toughness to improved corrosion resistance and conductivity.

Heat treatment techniques include tempering, annealing, hardening, and precipitation hardening. Each method is suited for specific applications, such as aerospace, automotive, or biomedical industries, where the desired properties are critical.